Šiame straipsnyje XX amžiaus egzistencializmo kontekste nagrinėjamos mažai žinomų šiuolaikinių Ukrainos rašytojų Valeriano Pidmohylny’o ir Mykhailo Yatskivo novelės. Jos gali būti laikomos kultūriniu reiškiniu, sujungiančiu filosofiją ir literatūrą. Pidmohylny’o novelės visų pirma buvo ryškiai paveiktos XIX a. pabaigos ir XX a. pradžios Europos filosofų minčių. Todėl panašių motyvų galime ieškoti tiek Pidmohylny’o, tiek ir egzistencialistų, kuriuos paveikė Schopenhauerio, Kierkegaard’o ir Nietzschės idėjos, kūryboje. Be to, autoriai, pasitelkdami kertinių egzistencializmo sąvokų – likimo ir mirties – perspektyvą, nagrinėja Yatskivo noveles. Remiantis retrospektyvia (...) novelių bei XX amžiaus egzistencializmo tematikos analize, Pidmohylny’ą ir Yatskivą galima priskirti egzistencializmo literatūrinei srovei. (shrink)

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie wpływu polemicznych dzieł księdza Piotra Skargi (1536–1612) na życie religijne Ukrainy i kulturę ukraińską ówczesnej epoki. Źródłem badań są prace Piotra Skargi, Stanisława Orzechowskiego, Benedykta Herbesta, Herasyma Smotrzyskiego, Iwana Wyszeńskiego, Hipacego Pocieja. Podstawą naukową analizy wpływu Skargi na kulturę ukraińską są poświęcone jego osobie i czasom, w których żył i tworzył, prace: Józefa Tretiaka, Ludowika Piechnika, Janusza Tazbira, Stanisława Cieślaka oraz publikacje traktujące o międzywyznaniowej polemice epoki unii brzeskiej: Volodymyra Antonovycha, Nikolaja Skabalanovicha, Stepana Golubeva, Vladimira Zavitnevicha, (...) Ivana Franki, Mykhaila Hrushevskiego, Kyryla Studynskiego, Porfyrego Yaremenki, Ihora Mytska, Borysa Gudziaka, Vitalija Shevchenki, Leonida Tymoshenki, Ruslana Tkachuka, a także kursy z historii literatury ukraińskiej. W analizie preferowana jest metoda porównawcza. Przebudzenie się pisarskiego talentu Skargi związane jest z jego pobytem w Wilnie, jednym z ośrodków ruchów reformacyjnych w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, katedrze głównej prawosławnej metropolii kijowskiej (1415–1795). Wyzwaniem dla Skargi stała się wielowyznaniowość Wilna. Napisał książkę _O jedności Kościoła Bożego _(1577), w której wykłada trydencką koncepcję eklezjologiczną, odsłania obraz herezji i schizm prześladujących prawosławny Wschód, zarysowuje perspektywy powrotu metropolii kijowskiej do jednoś i ze Stolicą Apostolską. Książka ta, wznowiona w 1590 r., była ważnym impulsem do rozpoczęcia polemiki międzywyznaniowej i poszukiwania przez ukraińskich i białoruskich biskupów prawosławnych środków do przezwyciężenia schizmy. W 1596 r. Synod Brzeski ogłosił zjednoczenie z Kościołem katolickim. Skarga był obecny na synodzie jako obserwator i doradca. W 1597 r. opublikował dokumentalny opis jego przebiegu – księgę _Synod Brzeski _i jej załącznik: _Obrona Synodu Brzeskiego_, które bronią kanonicznej ważności synodu, dodając retrospektywę historyczną uzasadniającą konieczność przezwyciężenia schizmy. Dzieła te stały się ważnym czynnikiem w rozwoju Ukraińskiego Kościoła Greckokatolickiego, który udowodnił swoją żywotność w okresie prześladowań i wszedł w epokę postkomunistyczną jako najbardziej twórcza siła duchowa, łącząc staranne pielęgnowanie lokalnej tradycji kościelnej z uniwersalnością misji apostolskiej. (shrink)

The English Synopsis is after the text of the book. The book presents an original and generalizing substantive vision of the philosophy of science through the prism of a detailed analysis of the polysystem structure of scientific theories. Theories are considered, firstly, as complex specialized forms of developed scientific thinking about the realities studied by natural science, secondly, as constantly improving tools for producing new knowledge in interaction with experimental research, and thirdly, as carriers of ordered and verified knowledge. Emphasis (...) is placed on their nominal and ontic subsystems. The book develops personal and joint research of the authors (theoretical physicist and philosopher), the experience of teaching philosophy of physics at NaUKMA, philosophy of science at the Higher School of Philosophy at the H. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and theoretical physics at the National Technical University "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". The research is based on a significant source base covering works of modern Western researchers in natural science and philosophy of science. For students, teachers, and scientists who are interested in the problems of modern philosophy of science and have a certain amount of scientific knowledge. It will also be useful for high school students who are eager to become scientists. (shrink)

У статті розглядаються витоки та початок україно-російського конфлікту на сході України у 2014 р. Визначені умови виникнення цього протистояння, доведено провідну роль Росії як організатора та основного виконавця війни проти України. Указано на недостатню роль Заходу в протистоянні російській агресії.

Ukrainian revolution of 2014 discovered the courage of Ukrainian nation to the whole world, as well as its unity and goal to renovate the country. Ukrainians have shown the world that they are a self-sufficient nation that wants to become a full-fledged part of European civilization as soon as possible. Ukrainian religion and spirituality also become open to the world. Thus, religion played a major part during the Revolution of dignity, and it is still of primary importance in the war (...) in Donbas. Ukrainian Pentecostalism is an inherent part of the processes which took place on Maidan Nezalezhnosti and are now taking place within the anti-terrorist campaign. Pentecostals are actively helping Ukrainians to fight against the Russian aggression and pro-Russian separatism in Eastern Ukraine. Despite the variety of movements and unions of Ukrainian Pentecostals, most of them took the side of the Ukrainian people. Today Pentecostal provide humanitarian aid for both residents of Donbas and the Ukrainian soldiers as well. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of Ukrainian Pentecostals and Neo-Pentecostals in the events, which took place throughout November 2013 and February 2014 on Maidan in Kyiv, and which are happening now in Eastern Ukraine. (shrink)

The purpose of the article is to analyse Friedrich Nietzsche’s ideas about the radical social division of society and the domination of the elite over the masses in the context of the latest socio-economic, technological and political realities of the post-industrial society. The authors emphasize the existing social demand for the study of threats that arise from social divisions due to the influence of the information society. In these processes, the authors trace a peculiar kind of recent interpretation of Nietzsche’s (...) ideas about the “Übermensch,” owing to a radical change in the information space under the influence of the technological revolution. It is stated that the modern information society forms a new radical social division into the upper class of intellectuals and the general mass of consumers, provokes the emergence of a “divided civilization,” where under the slogans of supporting the idea of meritocracy, a society with new social divisions is formed. Ignoring the humanistic meaning of rights and freedoms, perceiving them exclusively as a technological tool for the introduction of irresponsibility make it possible to justify the rule of Nietzsche’s “Übermensch.” The “Übermensch” is now the bearer of knowledge, which is necessary for modern civilization. Nietzsche’s calls for the destruction of cultural tradition are used as a justification for the rejection of personal freedom, human rights, as well as the rejection of state institutions capable of protecting them. The authors conclude that the information society, which is based on technological innovations, faces a range of socially dangerous consequences, as well as the deformation of the system of established values. Thanks to the manipulative tools generated by technological progress, new formats of inequality are emerging and taking root. The appearance of powerful information resources strengthens the ability to control the behaviour of the individual, expands the power of a small group of people who control the information space. This is what actualizes Nietzsche’s statements about the radical division of society and the domination of the elite over the masses in the new socio-economic and technological realities. (shrink)

For the first time, the article analyses certain aspects of Russian poetry of the “Silver Age” in order to identify the rudiments or features which are characteristic of the postmodern creative paradigm. It is noted that a number of poets almost do not have any postmodernist tendencies. Despite the fact it is proved that postmodernism denies the personality-centric and aesthetically oriented concept of modernism, it nevertheless arose on the basis of modernism and has sharpened evolutionary features formulated in the first (...) half of the 20th century. The article aims to prove a hypothesis that arises in the authors during a preliminary perceptual reading of the poets` works of the “Silver Age”: in the early 20th century. Sporadically and consistently in individual authors can be observed irony, play, reconstruction and performance as precursor of postmodernist creative thinking. Specialties of the Russian poetry of the “Silver Age”, which directly correlate with postmodernist tendencies of the second half of the 20th century is not a description itself, but the realization of reality, ambivalence, as well as following the linguistic and figurative, conceptual, motive levels of gradual transitions between the paradigms of “symbolism – modernism” and “modernism – postmodernism”. The international significance of the article is that the material of one of the Eastern European literatures has proved the existence of postmodern features in the first half of the 20th century for the first time, which can serve as a deeper research in the field of literary typology, continuity; culturology and anthropology. (shrink)

The relevance of the chosen topic of the article is determined by the fact that in the contemporary digital economy, society is growing increasingly reliant on information technologies, efficient data management and the necessity to transform knowledge management. The aim of the article is to study and substantiate the importance of transforming knowledge management to make it responsive to the volatile digital economy, highlight knowledge as a factor in the development of management systems in the digital economy, elaborate on the (...) information technology capacity in knowledge management, and analyze the knowledge management models applicable in the digital economy. The article analyzes the preconditions of an effective knowledge management model for the development of the quality management system and digital economy. It also studies the concept of the digital economy, and defines the role of human resources in digitalization. We have examined the prerequisites for knowledge management, relationships between human resources management processes, quality management systems and information technologies with the purpose of building an efficient quality management system inside an organization. At the present stage, information technologies are developing rapidly and their management requires continuous education and self-development. Thus, one of the priority tasks of economic development is the professional application of computer technology in all fields of activity. The formation of the computer literacy skill set of the general public will become an indicator of the readiness of society to comply with the up-to-date requirements. (shrink)

У статті висвітлено особливості культурно-освітнього життя на Станіславщині в умовах нацистської окупації. Охарактеризовано стан розвитку освіти та наявні типи освітніх закладів; проведення заходів культурологічного характеру; діяльність громадських товариств; показано роль Українського Центрального Комітету та його структур у культурно-освітньому житті краю.

Однією із сильних сторін наукового світогляду є здатність створювати дослідницькі середовища, які постійно між собою взаємодіють, належачи навіть до різних галузей знання. Поняття медитації – це приклад того, як увага дослідників з різних наукових дисциплін фокусується на одній темі, на одному предметі, але підходи зумовлюють різні визначення. У статті розглянуто основні існуючі підходи до поняття медитації і виокремлено основні: нейронауковий, інклюзивний (партисипативний), галузевий (наприклад, психологічний) і міжгалузевий. Здійснено попередню систематизацію підходів до визначення поняття медитації з огляду на труднощі, які пов’язані (...) з контекстами, інтепретаціями і запитами сучасного світу до контемплятивних практик. У випадку з медитацією наука демонструє водночас проблему спеціалізації, схильність редукувати досліджуваний феномен згідно з власними методологіями, пояснювати локальні культурні середовища крізь призму постколоніального спадку. Особливу роль у цій дискусії відіграють саме гуманітарні науки (філософія, релігієзнавство, психологія), методологія яких більше орієнтована на людину, людські практики і значущість суб’єктивного знання. (shrink)

The article analyzes the work of the trade union organization "COMPANY OF MUTUAL AID OF PRIVATE EMPLOYEES" of Galicia in 1867, which in fact became the successor to the dissolved by the Austrian authorities in October 1848, the "Company of Private Employees" of Galicia. The purpose of its activity was to support the moral and material interests of private employees. The society was divided into real, advisory and honorary members, and the bodies of the partnership were the Central Department, the (...) Department of Statistics and the Supervisory Board. Permanent cash aid from a partnership, that is, a pension, could be obtained by every one of his real members after 10 years of impeccable, efficient service as a private employee. In general, the painstaking and persistent organizational work of the central department of the COMPANY OF MUTUAL AID OF PRIVATE EMPLOYEES was crowned with great success. According to the report of the central management of the said organization, for the first year of existence, the Society had 2200 real members with 4100 contributions, 496 members of the advisory members with an annual quota of 6400 florins and 359 benefactors who supported the appeal of the board with one-time donations in the quota of 52 333 fl. 43 tst. Only during the first year of its existence, the "Company of Private Employees" managed to create its departments and centers in 71 districts, which went beyond Galicia, and spread to the land of Bukovina, Western Volhynia, Kholmshchyna, Podlyashshya and other lands. This testified to his great popularity among private servants of the region. (shrink)

The article reviews the peculiarities of distance learning platforms usage in law enforcement educational institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. Distance learning at U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, which is based on the Online Campus have been substantiated. Particular attention is paid to topical issues of training on such online training mod-ules of the Campus: crime scene, driving training, drugs, firearms, health, interviews, investigation, law, topography, maritime training, personal security, technical means, terrorism, stopping vehicles, etc. There are also programs to (...) study the courses "Small Arms" and "Use of Force" in the online training modules of the Campus. The specifics of professional training of border guards in Asian countries have been revealed: the use of platforms of law enforcement agencies; focus of training on the devel-opment of basic competencies and the ability to solve problem situations; the opportunity to take online courses for all categories of staff at a con-venient time; creation of a three-level round-the-clock system of functioning of training of specialists. Peculiarities of professional training of border guards of European countries have been outlined considering the usage of both the platforms of institutions and joint platforms of international organizations, namely: web platform Virtual Aula of Agency FRONTEX; CEPOL DL web platform; European Coast Guard Training platforms; ILIAS EU Mission EUBAM; Connect & Learn UNHCR; UNODC and others. Special attention is paid to the capabilities of the Virtual Aula web platform for training teachers, instructors, external experts, etc. Web platform Virtual Aula of Agency FRONTEX presents up-to-date information on educational programs conducted in Europe. Characteristics of distance learning platforms usage in higher law enforcement educational institutions in Ukraine have been presented. Distance learning course of the English language for border guards have been developed and implemented. Considerable attention is also paid to the disclosure of online assessment of knowledge: the test of self-control on the topics, modules, and procedure of final assessment. (shrink)

Discursive accounts of the body have been prominent recently. While acknowledging the usefulness of these, the author, drawing upon specific philosophers of the body and a wide range of other theorists, focuses attention on the experiencing body which she refers to as 'creatural existence’. Thinking in terms of the creatural, she argues, can better situate human beings in their environment, thus emphasizing a kind of 'ecological notion of subjectivity’, in which place-based existence is understood anew. The educational implications of focusing (...) on what bodies 'do' and not so much in terms of how they are socially inscribed, presents them as practico-sensory totalities which should perhaps be seen as systems rather than an as mere organisms or entities. Such an articulation of creatural existence emphasizes animality, and in so doing reminds us of the centrality of the senses in all knowing and doing, including crucially, in relation to those practices which we have understood as 'work'. Multi-sensorial education is a major sub-theme of the book and the author argues persuasively for this by means of a critical analysis of the ocularcentrism that is characteristic of contemporary culture. (shrink)

The purpose of the article is to study the creative heritage of A. Pushkin and P. Chaadaev as catalysts of historiosophical reflections on the fate of Russia, which later took shape in the circles of Westernizers and Slavophiles. By comparing the positions of Pushkin and Chaadaev, the author finds out the reasons and consequences of the emergence and strengthening of the Uvarov ideological construction "Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality", which is still the main identifying principle of Russian thought. Study of theses of (...) Pushkin and Chaadaev in relation to Russia; its attitude to Europe; the opposition of Eastern Orthodoxy to Catholicism gives reason to consider the general goal of the Russian autocracy through the dialogue of Russian thinkers. (shrink)

Moral theory has generally focused on resolving ethical dilemmas by identifying ethically sound options. Whether the focus is on consequences, duties, principles or virtues, ethical cases are often approached in ways that assume morally sound solutions can be found and followed. Such ‘ideal morality’ assumes that moral goodness is always possible, leaving people confident they have done the right thing. Such an approach becomes inadequate in disaster settings where any good solution is often difficult to see. This paper examines recent (...) work on nonideal moral theory as a useful model for disaster bioethics. This approach views moral dilemmas as situations where no choice is ideal and every option involves some element of unavoidable wrongdoing. Rather than straining for ideal answers, this approach acknowledges that sometimes the lesser of two evils is the best that can be done. Such situations inevitably lead to feelings of regret or guilt, commonly encountered in discussions of disaster bioethics. This paper explores the practical implications of nonideal approaches for disaster responders working in tragic situations. (shrink)

The paradigm of the interaction of "own" and "foreign", Russia and Europe defined Russian culture during the 18th-20th centuries. The utopian idea of creating a "new kind" of people, which appeared in the circle of Catherine II under the influence of European Enlightenment ideas, accurately characterizes this paradigm. The Enlightenment was a radical rejection of the traditional feudal worldview, a rejection of the old foundations of life. The author emphasizes that Catherine II and her entourage were not determined to radically (...) change the existing social order in the spirit of enlightenment, choosing a more conservative path of "enlightenment absolutism". In addition, the project of creating a "new person" through education in isolated institutions points to the paradoxical nature of this idea and its implementation in the history of Russia. (shrink)

The article examines the peculiarities of the interpretation of Ephrem the Syrian of the seventh chapter of the apocalyptic book of the prophet Daniel. The interpretation of the theologian of eschatological images Dan. 7 is covered in the context of the analysis of hermeneutic principles. Ephrem has been found to interpret four beasts as Babylon, Media, Persia, and Greece. It is determined that this interpretation differs from the traditional interpretation of early Christian writers, who believed that the four kingdoms were (...) Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece and Rome. The author of the article gives sound arguments that prove that the second kingdom is Medo-Persia, the third kingdom is Greece, and the fourth - Rome. It is presented that in the book of Daniel the Medes and Persians are presented as one kingdom. In the eighth chapter, the second and third beasts from the seventh chapter are directly identified as Medo-Persia and Greece. It is analyzed that the New Testament texts, historical data and details of prophetic eschatological images show that the fourth beast symbolizes the Roman Empire, not the Greek, as Ephrem claims. It is established that the interpretation of Ephrem does not find a biblical basis and therefore yields to the traditional interpretation. The analysis shows that the interpretation of Ephrem in the seventh chapter of the book of Daniel has the hermeneutic principles of the modern preterist school of interpretation. The theologian was found to have interpreted the image of the little horn in Dan. 7 as Antiochus Epiphanes. The author of the article highlights the eight identifying features of the little horn, which are depicted in the seventh chapter. It is investigated that according to the representatives of the historical school the little horn symbolizes the papacy. Further consideration of this scientific issue is seen in the deep exegetical analysis of eschatological images in Dan. 7. We are convinced that this will allow us to better understand the apocalyptic symbols of the book of Daniel and contribute to its further comprehension. (shrink)

The article deals with the financial situation of the Greek Catholic clergy of the Eparchy of Peremysl during the period of theSecondPolish-LithuanianCommonwealth on the basis of archival documents. The author analyzes the status and living standards of the Greek Catholic clergy. The paper studies the number of plots of land, which religious communities use. The authors of the study argue that the main source of the majority of priests’ income were allotments. The authors carried out a comparative analysis with the (...) financial situation of the clergy during the Austro-Hungarian Empire through describing the sources of material income in the study period. The priests had several sources of material funding. During the stay ofGaliciaunder the rule ofAustria-Hungarybefore the First World War, the Austrian authorities paid clergy financial compensation in the form of monthly subsidies. The amount of the payment of subsidies for each parish was different and depended on the quantity and quality of land plots, which transferred to the use of the family priest. The heavier were the conditions of agriculture, the higher was the amount of subsidy from the state for a priest. It testifies to the fact that the Austrian authorities cooperated in filling no gainful parishes with priests, thus equalizing the material incomes of the clergy. The financial situation of the Greek-Catholic clergy has changed greatly after the occupation ofGaliciabyPolandin 1919. Incomes from allotments didn’t cover obligatory payments, which were carried out of a church. The material support of the clergy was differentiated. Available incomes cannot often to cover the obligatory requirements. The article gives specific facts about their financial support. At the same time the material support of the clergy was much better than the material support of the local Ukrainian population. (shrink)

This article examines the activity of Greek-Catholic church in organization of collaboration with Ukrainian Greek-Catholic communities on the American continent. Using concrete examples, the author illustrates a systematic activity of Lviv Greek-catholic commune in supporting emigrants-Ukrainians to theUnited States, which was shown in spiritual, organizational, clerical, and moral support.

In the paper I propose a definition of higher religions as having their own Holy Scripture. The rating of the higher religions was built on the number of followers, the time of existence and predominance in certain territories. In total, 25 higher religions are identified. Four world religions were chosen as the coordinate basis for building a graphic connection between all 25 higher religions: by rating and by mutual proximity. It turned out that they can be placed in only one (...) specific way. Moreover, all these religions are lined up in the correct absolutely symmetrical matrix—the harmony of the higher religions. This is clear evidence that all higher religions constitute a holistic, mutually reinforcing unity. (shrink)

A summary of a philosophical (ontological) system of consistent relativism based on the postulate of relativity of existence of all things in existence is proposed. Absolutely everything exists, but, at the same time, no existence is absolute. Anything is possible, but only those entities we interact with one way or another exist for us, i.e., reality is interaction, “I interact—hence, I exist”. For all of us, information, or perceptible heterogeneities, is real. There exists an infinity of different realities. The different (...) levels of entities’ existence, in particular, of the Life and the Mind, should be taken into consideration. The existence of live systems in relation to non-living entities is undetermined, thus the alive can appear in its specifically live properties only through interaction with living things: there’s no difference between alive and dead for the stones. An even greater range of levels of existence can be brought about through interaction—that is the core idea of Gödel’s theorem. As a result, the range of forms of existence tends towards infinity—the evolution of matter through the Overmind will bring us up to God. This ontological position assumes a series of non-trivial physical conclusions, which can be tested experimentally, including the use of mathematical models. Rotation could be used to increase inertial mass and decrease gravitational mass, slowing down time. A more generalized mathematical model of the physical world, including a universal operator of the co-existence of objects, can be developed. In this model of Reality, superluminal speeds (without interaction) are possible and the Universe is open. (shrink)

The article of Ihor Zahrebelnyi «Havryil Kostelnyk and discussion about the status of thomism in theological culture of Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church» addresses attitude to Thomistic methods of theology within Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church of Inter-War Period. First of all, it razes the cliché that Greek Catholic philosopher and theologian Havryil Kostelnyk belonged to Neo-Thomism. And further it analyzes specific character of Anti-Thomistic position of Kostelnyk and reaction of other Greek Catholic intellectuals and bishops, first of all ‒ Josyf (...) Slipyi ‒ to it. It proves that attempts of Slipyi to substantiate Thomism as element of Ukrainian intellectual culture were justified. (shrink)

Two centuries after they were published, Kant's ethical writings are as much admired and imitated as they have ever been, yet serious and long-standing accusations of internal incoherence remain unresolved. Onora O'Neill traces the alleged incoherences to attempt to assimilate Kant's ethical writings to modern conceptions of rationality, action and rights. When the temptation to assimilate is resisted, a strikingly different and more cohesive account of reason and morality emerges. Kant offers a `constructivist' vindication of reason and a moral vision (...) in which obligations are prior to rights and in which justice and virtue are linked. O'Neill begins by reconsidering Kant's conceptions of philosophical method, reason, freedom, automony and action. She then moves on to the more familiar terrain of interpretation of the Categorical Imperative, while in the last section she emphasises differences between Kant's ethics and recent 'Kantian' ethics, including the work of John Rawls and other contemporary liberal political philosophers. This reassessment will add significantly to the understanding of Kantian practical philosophy. (shrink)

The article is dedicated to one of the work lines of Ukrainian Greek Catholic theologian Havryiil Kostelnyk - his apologetics studies. Distinguished features of Kostelnyk's beliefs as apologist are analysed from several points of view. First, it is done as compared to the Ukrainian apologetic literature within the first half of the 20th century. Second, considering differences between aims of classical apologetics and aims defined by Kostelnyk. Third, within definition of correlation of canonical Catholic and modernist principles in the Kostelnyk's (...) approach. The apologetic works of Kostelnyk were distinguished on the background of contemporary Ukrainian Greek Catholic apologetic literature. Kostelnyk did not pay much attention to the soteriological and ecclesiological aspects of apologetics. First of all, he tried to protect the Christian faith from the challenges of atheism. To this end, he tried to hold a dialogue with modern science. But attempts at such a dialogue have not always been successful. These attempts were not sufficiently significant in terms of science and at the same time went beyond the limits of Catholic orthodoxy. Gradually, Kostelnyk became a Catholic modernist apologist what type was depicted in the Encyclical of Pope Pius X "Pascendi Dominici gregis". (shrink)

The paper defines dialogic rationality and shows a rational path and understanding from the individual point of view. A separate discipline or discourse should coordinate the urgent need of deeper emotional transformation (metanoia) and explore the appearance of inner spiritual connectedness. This will establish the importance of every unique creature in the universe. Consequently in postmodernism, epistemology can no longer be accomplished by a “clear” cognitive theory, separated from ontological and anthropological elements. Cognition can no longer progress to an unchangeable, (...) non-falsifiable knowledge, because of changes within the object’s inner ontological level. Thus an observer can only interpret the phenomena but can never say “the last word”. Human cognition is based on time-coordinates when an observer tries to make a projection before the future has come. Yet existing now, it also contains the step back to the past as a shore of memory, experience, and knowledge. In this view history is considered to be non-linear—it is a complicated forward process, still continuously going back to the origin of human correlations with nature. A dialogic approach does not reject the importance of self-organizing processes, but tries to compose a sphere of acknowledgeable co-existence with the other to save the whole specter of human physical and mental, existential and creational features. Facing rational or mystical, but still radical, transformation, we get a sense of self-existence and can actively work and challenge ourselves to realize this in every-day life and in communication with the other. (shrink)

This article is dedicated to 130th Anniversary of German thinker Martin Heidegger. The main goal of the article is to develop Ukrainian reception of Heidegger’s philosophical heritage. The author considers the particularities of Heidegger’s understanding of thinking in the context of Dasein’s fundamental ontology. Thus, thinking is understood as being in a "tradition without tradition"; this, in turn, means the immediacy of thinking, which will never be past, never become a memory or a system of memories (beliefs). The element of (...) thinking is the element of spontaneity, that is, of voluntaries: it is impossible to "develop" thinking or "teach" to think meaningfully, because it is a voluntary affair. The voluntary cause of meaningful thinking reveals the truth (unconcealedness) of being. The author considers the scenario of falling now-being into its non-existent existence, interpreting it in Heidegger's terminology as a state of "forgetting of being". This status is updated if it is transformed into a "techno-technological" object, which must act on certain algorithms and provide "development" or "progress" metrics. The author develops the thesis that Dasein’s fundamental ontology of Heidegger reveals its condition as being-between. Being-between is not anthropological, but ontological category. The world of Dasein is everydayness between the birth and the death. The very being-between of Dasein induces its meaningful thinking. Following Heidegger, the author states that Dasein, that is lost in being-between, becomes centered (by subject) which pointlessly deploys power under the being. Therefore, in this context of Heidegger’s understanding of thinking the author also interprets the causes of such pointless existence of Dasein and its consequences. According to the author, now-being can save only reflection. (shrink)

A good deal of attention has been given in recent philosophy of religion to the question of whether we can sensibly attribute to God a form of knowledge which the 16th-century Jesuit theologian Luis de Molina termed "middle knowledge". Interest in the doctrine has been spurred by a recognition of its intimate connection to certain conceptions of providence, prophecy, and response to petitionary prayer. According to defenders of the doctrine, which I will call "Molinism", the objects of middle knowledge are (...) all the true counterfactuals of the form, 'If C were to occur, then S would freely do A', where C specifies a particular set of circumstances. (Such propositions are usually referred to as "counterfactuals of freedom" - hereafter "CFs".)' I will try to assess the current status of two distinct questions: (1) Are there true CFs? and (2) Could God know true CFs if there are any? Obviously, Molinism must answer both questions affirmatively. Most of the discussion has focused on the first question. I hope to show that this approach has been a dialectical mistake on the part of critics of Molinism, for the difficulties of giving an affirmative answer to question (2) are, I believe, far easier to state clearly and convincingly. (shrink)

While most business ethics texts focus exclusively on individual decision making--what should an individual do--this resource presents the whole business ethics story. Highly realistic, readable, and down-to-earth, it moves from the individual to the managerial to the organizational level, focusing on business ethics in an organizational context to promote an understanding of complex influences on behavior. The new Fifth Edition is the perfect text for students entering the workplace, those seeking to become professionals in training, communications, compliance, in addition to (...) chief ethics officers, corporate counsel, heads of human resources, and senior executives. (shrink)

Posty do druziv (cherez saĭt "Filosofii︠a︡ v Ukraïni) z sela Shevchenkovoho -- Buty i prahnuty -- Asymetrii︠a︡ butti︠a︡ -- Karl I︠A︡spers "Prosvitlenni︠a︡ ekzystent︠s︡iï. Dosvid prochytanni︠a︡ -- Peremyslyty vse.

Статтю присвячено філософському аналізу понять гуманізму, суспільного ідеалу та історичній динаміці їх осмислення з точки зору визначення ціннісного потенціалу сучасного спорту. Базовою характеристикою сучасного гуманізму є, на нашу думку, його орієнтація на позитив людини при визнанні негативу. Цей останній вимагає контролю і обмеження. Гуманізм передбачає турботу про конкретну людину, створення суспільством належних умов для задоволення її потреб, реалізацію індивідуальних здібностей, творчого самовираження і пранення до досконалого способу життя – до ідеалу. Поняття «ідеал» – феноменальне, неоднозначне, але найчастіше виступає як особистісна (...) характеристика, що відбиває цілісність, цілеспрямованість, діяльність людини і суспільства. Спорт служить консолідації громадських сил, спрямованих на перетворення суспільства і людини, є єдиною у своєму роді сферою діяльності, що має глибокий гуманістичний потенціал. На нашу думку, ідеї, які розробляються в таких напрямах, як теорія фізичної культури і спорту, психологія, історія, соціологія та філософія спорту, можуть активізувати вчених, сприяти утворенню сучасних аксіологічних моделей спортивної діяльності, заснованих на ідеалах гуманізму. (shrink)

У статті проаналізовані особливості управління логістичними системами, виокремлені рівні логістичного управління. Сформована схема логістичної мережі підприємства на основі різних каналів та варіантів збуту - реалізації товарів самим виробником та реалізації товарів посередникам. Запропоновані напрями управління логістичною системою товаропросування, пов'язані із застосуванням окремих управлінських функцій. Побудована "клієнт-орієнтована модель" формування логістичної системи товаропросування для умов, коли логістична структура та система товаропросування зорієнтована безпосередньо на споживача та дистриб'ютора товарів.

Розвідка присвячена висвітленню поняття політичної ідентичності через комплекс понять: архетипи колективного несвідомого, міф, символ, політичне, політичний дискурс. Доведено, що межі політичного простору окреслюються межами визнання імперативів онтологічного міфу, межами становлення й підтримки переконань у необхідності підкорятися цим імперативам як єдиним можливим засобам відновлення буття суспільства і людини. Розглянуто варіанти домінування одного або декількох онтологічних міфів. Висвітлено умови формування універсальної парадигми політичного, що примирює й поєднує всі верстви, перетворюючи їх на суб'єктів політики. Такою парадигмою автор уважає парадигму демократії.

The concept of metaphysics is a problem from the beginning. The word “metaphysics” originated in the 1st century BC as a technical working term for a description of Aristotle's texts about πρώτη φιλοσοφία written three centuries earlier. The concept of metaphysics established as a term in Scholasticism and, finally, acquires special importance in the philosophy of 17-18th centuries. And since the 19th century the adjective “metaphysical” is also used in the sense of “doubtful”, “unscientific” and “senseless”. This is largely the (...) result of a misunderstanding of metaphysics, especially its classical version of the 17-18th centuries. Because at the latest, starting with Christian Wolff, metaphysics is nothing but a science of the first principles of human cognition. Metaphysics is therefore the way of thinking based on the concepts of the soul and its abilities, as well as the concepts of the world and God. From this perspective, the metaphysical thinking really reaches Plato and Aristotle. However, the classical form of metaphysics originates from Descartes. A common trait of the metaphysical thinking is the interpretation of human being as animal rationale, namely being whose soul is endowed with understanding and reasoning abilities. Thus, the dissatisfaction with metaphysics that emerged in the 19th century was also the result of serious attempts to reconsider the idea of human being as animal rationale. These attempts culminated in the first half of the 20th century, and one of the most striking of them is the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. The paper first reconstructs Heidegger’s analysis of the concept of metaphysics in its historical context, then analyzes Heidegger's own use of the term “metaphysics”. Finally, the paper discusses the problem of Heidegger's interpretation of metaphysics. (shrink)

The paper examines the role of poetry in decoding of archetypes of the collective unconscious, aiming to study the purpose of poetry in development of philosophy of national idea of peoples appearing on the current historical arena. The author draws a conclusion that firstly, poets are no myth-makers. They merely convey the meaning of historical imperatives to people through a myth. That is why the myth contents are of invariant nature. The myths which came from Poet's sacral pen are truly (...) eternal - at least until there exist communities which spiritual analogs they are. Likewise, these myths are never abandoned and denied, demythified, verified and falsified by any peripetia of social processes and intellectual progress: they get reactualized rather. Secondly, each people can get a national idea as a program for their being in history only through comprehension of a poetic myth under the notions of historiosophy, philosophy of history and philosophy of culture. With no systematic philosophical synthesis, the poetic Myth mostly becomes a tilting-yard of primitive politicking and intellectual fraud. Today Ukraine has found no adequate solution to this topical issue though there are persons to rely on, specifically the historiosophic heritage of V. Lypynskyi, D. Dontsov, I. Boichenko, S. Krymskyi and M. Popovych. (shrink)